Main Characteristics of
Pastorals Nomad of Iran:
•Animal husbandry as the main activity
•Strong kinship system
•Regular migration
Prologue:
Government efforts in Iran to improve natural resource status among nomads during last five decades have not been considered successful due to:
- Policies based on government’s blue prints, perspectives, rather than on common concerns shared by nomads
- Centralized and Top-down approaches of service delivery
- Urban-based, uniform services and technology focused policies that overlook diverse perspectives and aspirations among nomadic communities
- “Transfer of Technology” models of extension in veterinary, animal husbandry and rangemanagment.
- low level of nomads participation in the process of change.
Relationships between nomads and government agencies have been poor because:
- Ineffectiveness of government programs/policies formulation
- Lack of access by government to remote area and nomadic territories
- Cultural/social differences between central government staff and nomad communities
- historical resistance (past military control and forced settlement)
Situation for Nomads:
Viewed a crisis in their livelihood because:
ØThey were crowded into smaller and smaller rangeland areas (lost to agriculture and urbanization)
ØHigh demand for meat thus maintaining large number of animals
ØLost spring and fall corridor pastures thus had to quickly truck their livestock between summer and winter pastures, increasing the time spent in those areas and resulting in overgrazing
ØWith reduced productivity of rangelands, they were making less money from livestock, thus forced into migrant labor
ØTechnical interventions promoted by the Livestock and Forest/Rangeland Departments did not match their perceived needs
FACTORS FOR SUCCESS:
- A dedicated facilitator who committed to the long-term process and is now appointed as Deputy Minister of the new Department of People’s Participation
- Support and cooperation by government department (he identified strategic change agents within the Forest and Rangeland Department)
- Adopted values of “working for the people, with the people and by the people”
CONTINUING CHALLENGES:
- Upper level policy support
- Inter-departmental cooperation
- Building shared vision through effective
communication among government
agencies and local people
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